Barrett's esophagus is a condition resulting from damage to the lining of the esophagus due to chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The presence of Barrett's esophagus increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer, but the risk is low. Treating acid reflux can help prevent Barrett's esophagus from progressing to esophageal cancer.
Risk factors for developing Barrett's esophagus:
Barrett's esophagus is usually diagnosed by a procedure called upper endoscopy to look directly at the lining of the esophagus. Prior to the procedure sedation is given to keep you comfortable during the test. A gastroenterologist then places a miniature camera attached to a tube into the esophagus to look for signs of tissue damage. Small tissue samples (called biopsies) are obtained from any areas of damage to determine if Barrett's esophagus is present.
The treatment of Barrett's esophagus includes medications and lifestyle changes to control GERD. Surgery to tighten the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent the flow of stomach acid into the esophagus may be an option.
If you have Barrett's esophagus, your gastroenterologist will recommend periodic upper endoscopy to monitor the esophagus and any signs of abnormal cell growth.